In 1998, Li was transferred to Henan Province, where he served as governor (19982003) and, concurrently, deputy party secretary (19982002) and then party secretary (200204). During his work in the financial sector in the 1990s, Wang established his patron/mentor relationship with Zhu, who was in charge of Chinas financial affairs at the time. Share. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. The memo called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society, including "Western constitutional democracy," "universal values" of human rights, and Western . Current therapies antibiotics that kill bacteria and steroids that tame infection-related inflammation can fail to ward off the worst consequences of the disease, particularly if therapy is initiated late due to delays in diagnosis. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society." An internal Party memo, referred to as Document No. These proposed constitutional revisions are the latestand most historically consequentialpower grab by the self-assured Chinese president. Liu served as deputy director of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Work, where he was responsible for overseeing macro-economic policy-planning and drafting speeches for CCP General Secretary Hu Jintao to deliver at annual CCP national conferences on economic affairs (200311). Hu Min, Hu Jintaos Five Golden Flowers (Hong Kong: Beiyunhe Press, 2012), pp. He served as deputy secretary (198792) and secretary (199295) of the CCYL in Tibet. After that, Liu worked as a researcher at the Development Research Center of the State Council (198788). Xi was reelected as general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the CMC at the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, and then as president of the PRC at the 13th National Peoples Congress in March 2018. She then served as party secretary of Fujian (200912) and party secretary of Tianjin (201214). When Hu was made first secretary of the CCYL in 1985, Li became a full member of the Secretariat. Anyone can read what you share. Now the leftists feel very excited and elated, while the liberals feel very discouraged and discontented, said Professor Xiao, who said he was generally sympathetic to Mr. Xis aims. Communist Party cadres gathered around China to hear that power could escape their grip, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Having served for two decades as a top administrator of Chinas pacesetting city, Shanghai, Han Zheng emerged from the 19th Party Congress as a top economic decision-maker in national leadership. Cheng Li, Chinas Team of Rivals, Foreign Policy, March/April 2009, pp. Xi is a princeling; he is the son of Xi Zhongxun, a former Politburo member and vice-premier who was one of the architects of Chinas Special Economic Zones in the early 1980s2. On the other, his politically conservative approach to governancein particular, his reliance on ideological oversight and media censorshiphas left him at loggerheads with many of the countrys intellectuals. (, SeeXi Jinpings Personal Secretary Suddenly Speaks Prior to Chinas Two Conferences: Some People Are Attempting An Internal Coup In the Party. [] Boxun, February 25, 2018. Promoting Western constitutional democracy. But they have been disappointed. Human rights advocates, he continued, want ultimately to form a force for political confrontation.. 9, the number given to it by the central party office that issued it in April. She also took over Ling Jihuas post when Ling was under investigation in 2014. 9 called for the eradication of "seven subversive currents" in Chinese society including "Western constitutional democracy," universal. New Routes ~ Asia-to-Europe Translogistics. Han worked in the warehouse of a lifting installation company in Shanghai, and as a clerk in the supply and marketing division of the same company. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. It has become so pluralistic that any comparisons to that time are anachronistic. Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), p. 324. 15963. Relatively liberal officials and intellectuals hoped the ousting last year of Bo Xilai, a charismatic politician who favored leftist policies, would help their cause. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 18th Party Congress in 2012. Li began working in the CCYL Central Committee at the end of 1982, precisely when Hu Jintao became secretary of the CCYL. A similar tension exists in Xis approach to legal reforms. Within the Secretariat of the CCYL Central Committee, Li served as alternate member (198385), secretary (198593), and first secretary (199398). Current name's position in town apparently. As Liu He articulated at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2018, active participation in economic globalization and the deepening of Chinas economic reform and openness have remained central to the countrys long-standing economic outlook. For more information on Xis family background and his early life experiences, see Liang Jian , New Biography of Xi Jinping [] (New York: Mirror Books, 2012), and Wu Ming , Biography of Xi Jinping [] (Hong Kong: , 2008). The daughter, Liu Hes half-sister, married Gong Zheng, the current governor of Shandong Province. During the visit, Zhu lauded Hans work. Hu was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 17th Party Congress in 2007. Subversive element definition: Something that is subversive is intended to weaken or destroy a political system or. He served as party secretary of a production brigade in the county (197678). Just what is the bottom line for reform? Mr. Hu said on a Web site run by his family to commemorate his father, Hu Yaobang, a leader of political and economic relaxation in the 1980s. Xi, who is on the cusp of his second presidential term, has seized upon his moment at the pinnacle of accrued political capital to avoid becoming a lame duck and to cement his hold over the country for as long as he desires. For more information on Chinas top party leaders, see our background profiles for the 19th Politburo and Politburo Standing Committee. He was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress (1997). His attitude toward public intellectuals has proven similarly ambivalent. Referred to as. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. He is very important to me. Quoted from Bob Davis, Meeting Liu He, Xi Jinpings Choice to Fix a Faltering Chinese Economy, Wall Street Journal, October 6, 2013. She was first elected to the Central Committee as an alternate member at the 15th Party Congress in 1997. These seven perils were enumerated in a memo, referred to as Document No. He received a bachelors degree in economics (197882) and a masters degree in management (198386), both from the Department of Industrial Economics at Renmin University in Beijing. Created by Michael Dante DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko, Avatar: The Last Airbender is an anime-influenced animated TV series aired on Nickelodeon.Set in a world separated into different elemental . But Mr. Xi and his colleagues were victims of expectations that they themselves encouraged, rather than a foreign conspiracy, analysts said. Power could escape their grip, they have been told, unless the party eradicates seven subversive currents coursing through Chinese society. Internal warnings show that President Xi Jinping fears that the Communist Party is vulnerable to public anger about corruption and challenges from liberals impatient for political change. A government memo from April identified seven "subversive currents" that are not to be spoken of, including "universal values" like human rights, press freedom, judicial independence, economic neoliberalism, and historic mistakes of the Communist Party. Western forces hostile to China and dissidents within the country are still constantly infiltrating the ideological sphere, says Document No. For example, Chinese intellectuals have expressed criticism and concern that Wang was overly reliant on political campaigns and underutilized legal procedures in addressing official corruption and in so doing created unfairness and fear in the political establishment. Therefore, Chinese public expectations in the lead-up to the 19th Party Congress were that Hu Chunhua would ascend to the 19th Politburo Standing Committee, which presented a serious challenge for Xi. Wang then worked as party secretary of Hainan Province (200203). Beginning with the Trump administrations first national defense strategy, the United States has begun painting China as a strategic competitor that is pursuing an authoritarian advance under Xi Jinping. T his month on the Criterion Channel, dive into the career of Oscar nominee Michelle Yeoh (Everything Everywhere All at Once), whose martial-arts prowess and megawatt charisma made her one of Hong Kong's greatest action heroes.From there, head back to the anything-goes exuberance of early Hollywood with our Buster Keaton retrospective and a lineup of pre-Code Paramount classics, or spend . Three years later, in 2000, he was appointed director of the State Council General Office of Economic Reform. Table of Contents. Some of this cognitive dissonance may be temporary compromises as Xi positions himself to gain broad support from various forces in the country. One could also make the argument that the top leader intentionally (or as a compromise) chooses his successor from the rival faction in order to unite the party leadership. For example, the objective of his economic policy, as articulated at the third plenum of the 18th Central Committee in 2013, has been to make the private sector the decisive driver of the Chinese economy. Executive Vice Premier of the State Council (2018present), Member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) (2017present), Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Comprehensively Deepening Reforms (2018present), Head of the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee (2018present), Head of the South-North Water Diversion Construction Project Committee (2018present), Head of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Joint Development Leading Group (2018present), Head of the Central Leading Group for Belt and Road Initiative Construction (2018present). Iyesa Express ~ Sizwe Nzima's Rx Cycle Delivery; Tomorrow's Cities ~ BBC on Smart Urban Living. Most recently, she served as director of the Central United Front Work Department of the CCP Central Committee (201417). discussion of "seven subversive currents," including universal values, constitutional democracy, human rights, civil society, and media freedom. 9, that bears the unmistakable imprimatur of Xi Jinping, China's new top leader. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. In particular, Li has frequently called for mass entrepreneurship and innovation (, ). In particular, his management of the SARS epidemic in the spring of 2003 has been taken as evidence of his efficacy in crisis.4 Wangs experience handling crises and other challenges includes his appointment as executive vice-governor of Guangdong in 1998 to manage the bankruptcy of a major financial institution in the wake of the 1997 Asian financial crisis; his appointment as party secretary of Hainan Province in 2002 to address the decade-long real estate bubble on the island; and his role as mayor of Beijing during the 2008 Olympics.5, Wang is widely recognized in China by the nickname chief of the fire brigade (). Liu Hes father, Liu Zhiyan, was a veteran Communist leader who joined the CCP in 1936 and participated in the student-led December 9th Movement in Beijing. 9, said Professor Xiao, the historian. Xi received his undergraduate education in chemical engineering from Tsinghua University in Beijing (197579) and later graduated with a doctoral degree in law (Marxism) from the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences at Tsinghua University (via part-time studies, 19982002). the author's subversive attitude . After graduating from Peking University, Hu went to Tibet, where he worked as a clerk at the Organization Department in the CCP Committee of Tibet (198384), as an official at the newspaper Tibet Youth Daily (198485), and as an official at the Tibet Hotel (198587). Han spent much of his early career working at the grassroots level. After demobilization from the military, Liu worked as a manual laborer and then as an official in the Beijing Radio Factory (197478). In October 2007, he was promoted to Politburo Standing Committee member (2007present) and, shortly thereafter, served as executive vice premier of the State Council (200813). Intellectuals will be among the first to push back and shape the public discourse. Purpose. He served as party secretary of Guangdong (201217). There certainly isnt a consensus on how much de-risking and decoupling is necessary to strike the right balance between national security concerns and upholding American values and principles that have long held dear the free flow of information, people, trade and open markets. Li Keqiang was born on July 1, 1955, in Dingyuan County, Anhui Province. Equally important, this latest action further alienates a number of critical constituencies whose power Xi may be underestimating. History. Deep-ocean currents contain water with high oxygen concentrations. Liu was subsequently promoted to director of the State Information Center (19982001). While the timing of this constitutional change aligns well with Xis political motivations at home, it could not have come at a worse time for U.S.-China relations. Psychologists utilize a variety of perspectives when studying how people think, feel, and behave. The campaign carries some risks for Mr. Xi, who has indicated that the slowing economy needs new, more market-driven momentum that can come only from a relaxation of state influence. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Han was then made secretary of the CCYL committee of the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Shanghai Municipal Government (198286), deputy party secretary of the Shanghai School of Chemical Engineering (198687), party secretary and deputy director of Shanghai No. It seems that Xi, more than any previous top leader, is interested in having his legacy centered on the development of rule of law and the judiciary in China. It has not been openly published, but a version was shown to The New York Times and was verified by four sources close to senior officials, including an editor with a party newspaper. Subsequently, Wang served as general manager of the Agriculture Credit and Investment Company (198889), vice governor of China Construction Bank (198993), vice governor of the Peoples Bank of China (199394), and governor of China Construction Bank (199497). Staff members at the Southern Weekend newspaper there protested after a propaganda official rewrote an editorial celebrating constitutionalism the idea that state and party power should be subject to a supreme law that prevents abuses and protects citizens rights. The fact that Xi did not allow any six-generation leader to enter the PSC and the recent abolishment of the term limit for the PRC presidency indicates that Hus chances of becoming a designated successor have diminished. United States, Russian subversive tools appear to be limited to information, cyber, and political ones. Convection currents transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid such as water, air or molten rock. At Chinas 19th Party Congress last October, Xi refused to field any sixth-generation successors as part of the newly formed Politburo Standing Committee. He then became vice premier of the State Council (200813), a Politburo member (200717), and a Politburo Standing Committee Member (201217). For a detailed discussion of these cases, see Cheng Li, Chinese Politics in the Xi Jinping Era: Reassessing Collective Leadership (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2016), pp. Deep-ocean currents are initiated near Antarctica and in the North Atlantic Ocean, where cold, dense water sinks. Wang Qishan was born in 1948 in Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province1. Otherwise, based on his continued consolidation of power and ambitions for the countryand, indeed, himselfXis new era may resurrect an old problem. His ancestral home is Cixi City, Zhejiang Province. He then served as deputy director of the State Council Information Office, where he was in charge of e-commerce and international cooperation (200103). After the founding of the PRC, Liu Zhiyan served consecutively as an official in the Central Organization Department of the CCP Central Committee, as a Secretariat member of the Kunming Municipal Party Committee, as a member of the Standing Committee of the CCP Yunnan Provincial Committee, and as secretary of the Secretariat and chief of staff of the CCP Southwestern Bureau. Xi said, This is Liu He. His father, Li Fengsan, was a county-level cadre in Fengyang County, Anhui3. In a disappointing turn for those who have upheld more optimistic prognoses for Xiand for Chinahe opted to revert the country back to the era of strongman politics and the personality cult. Xis efforts have sought to showcase Chinas rapid rise on the world stage under his leadership, including through the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), and Chinas deepening engagement in international institutions and forums, most notably his speech at the Davos World Economic Forum in 2017. He received his undergraduate education from the history department at the Northwestern University in Xian City, Shaanxi Province (1976). Subsequently, Xi served as deputy secretary and then secretary of Zhengding County, Hebei Province (198285), and thereafter in Fujian Province as executive vice-mayor of Xiamen City (198588), party secretary of Ningde County (198890), party secretary of Fuzhou City (199096), deputy party secretary of Fujian Province (199699), governor of Fujian Province (19992002). She was head of the Womens Association of Anshan City (198891), deputy head of the Workers Union of Liaoning Province (199193), head of the Womens Association of Liaoning (199394), head of the Workers Union of Liaoning (199497), and deputy party secretary of Liaoning (19972005). In 1988, for example, Zhu Rongji, then mayor of Shanghai, visited the citys Dazhonghua Rubber Plant, where Han Zheng was employed. Chinas state leaders were revealed on March 18, 2018 at the conclusion of the 13th National Peoples Congress (NPC). Liu was a founder and convener of the Chinese Economists 50 Forum1. At the peak of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) crisis, Wang was appointed mayor of Beijing (200407). Sun Chunlan comes from a humble background. The two met in 1969 in Yanan, where both were sent-down youths. Yet, as the youngest vice premier of the State Council and a two-time Politburo member, Hu is still the highest-ranking leader of the sixth generation. Given her age, Sun will likely retire in the next leadership transition in 2022-23. Han joined the CCP in 1979. Hu volunteered to work in Tibet after graduation, where he established his patron-mentor relationship with Hu Jintao, who was then serving as party secretary (198892). 101 School in the same district. -1. Over the course of his first term, Xi has proven himself to be Chinas strongest leader since Deng Xiaoping. The information you're looking for, is in the "To URL" section. The mission of the Forum is to provide policy recommendations to the government on major economic issues. (Here are the 19 ships and submarines in U.S. naval fleet . He also served as deputy head of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo Organizing Committee and head of the Executive Committee (200411). Two prominent rights advocates have been detained in the past few weeks, in what their supporters have called a blow to the rights defense movement, which was already beleaguered under Mr. Xis predecessor, Hu Jintao. He was first elected to the Central Committee as a full member at the 16th Party Congress in 2002. Lis father-in-law, Cheng Jinrui, served as deputy secretary of the Henan Provincial CCYL Committee. Han then served as deputy secretary of the Chinese Communist Youth League (CCYL) (197580) and as a clerk of the Shanghai Chemical Equipment Industry Co., Ltd (198082). It was during his time in Shanghai that Han met five of his patron-mentors, namely Huang Ju, Wu Bangguo, Zhu Rongji, Zeng Qinghong, and Yu Zhengsheng, all of whom later served as members of the Politburo Standing Committee2. According to the current CCP regulations and norms, Han will most likely serve only a single term in the Politburo Standing Committee and then retire in 202223. That is the existential question that will be posed to Chinas National Peoples Congress in the coming days, as it considers indefinitely handing over the countrys political reins to President Xi Jinping. In comparison to his two predecessors, Premier Zhu Rongji and Premier Wen Jiabao, Li Keqiangs power and authority are noticeably limitedeven on economic policy, which has traditionally fallen under the purview of the premier. Further, prior to the 19th Party Congress in October 2017, Xi visited Guangdong twice. Wang most recently served as secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (201217). Hans reputation as a competent, seasoned financial and economic technocrat, as well as his market-friendly policy orientation in cosmopolitan Shanghai, has generally been well received in business communities both in China and abroad. HONG KONG Communist Party cadres have filled meeting halls around China to hear a somber, secretive warning issued by senior leaders. Others insisted that he would flaunt established institutional norms and stay in power beyond his allotted two terms. Early in his career, Wang worked as a researcher and director at the Institute of Contemporary History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (197982) and then moved to the Rural Policy Research Office of the CCP Central Committee (198288). Xi was in charge of preparations for both the2008 Summer Olympicsin Beijing and the 2009celebrations commemorating the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the PRC. Li and his classmates translated important legal works from English into Chinese, including Lord Dennings The Due Process of Law and A History of the British Constitution2. He was a sent-down youth at an agricultural commune in Fengyang County, Anhui (197476)1. Mr. Xi will face another ideological test later in the year when the Communist Party celebrates the 120th anniversary of Maos birth. Thats like pouring petrol on the leftists fire., https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html. Western anti-China forces led by the United States have joined in one after the other, and colluded with dissidents within the country to make slanderous attacks on us in the name of so-called press freedom and constitutional democracy, said Zhang Guangdong, a propaganda official in Lianyungang, citing the conclusions from the meeting of central propaganda officials. He and his wife were married in Tibet and have one daughter. Liu then served as party secretary and deputy director of the Development Research Center of the State Council (201113). Li is widely considered to be a protg of Hu Jintao. Others may see Xis reversal of constitutional constraints on term limits as heralding a return to an era of vicious power strugglesa zero-sum game in which they will also ruthlessly engage in the years to come. 2. 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